2015 Denizli Tobacco Agriculture Report
In Turkey in 2014, 1,060,315 hectares to 70 thousand tons, 825 thousand hectares in the Aegean region at 49.6 thousand tons and 223 thousand hectare area in Denizli, 17.5 thousand tons of tobacco production is made.
In 2014, 17.5 thousand tons of tobacco was purchased from 12 thousand producers in Denizli and 214.4 million TL was paid in return. Average price of 12.2 TL / Kg has been realized.
In 2015, tobacco was produced in 12 districts of Denizli, and they completed their production by signing contracts with 11.350 producer companies. In addition to contracted tobacco production, it has been observed that there are also non-contracted tobacco producers as a result of the observations made in the field studies. There are eight tobacco production contracts companies in our province. (Sunel, TTL, Alliance One, Socotab, Öz-Ege, Prestij, 4B Tobacco and Protabak tobacco companies)
TOBACCO CONTRACT INFORMATION FOR DISTRICTS OF DENIZLI IN 2015
Tobacco seedbeds were prepared in February and March and the seeds were planted. Weather conditions in March and April had a positive effect on the growth and development of seedlings, but cold damage occurred in the seedbeds in the extreme colds on April 23-24. The need for seedlings has emerged at some production points. Pesticides have been made for blueberry and blueberry in the seedbeds. Collapsing and bluefish diseases were observed in the seedbeds that could not be ventilated due to the dense seed sown and long length of the seedbed.
The first tobacco planting in Denizli started in the districts of Beyağaç and Kale in the first week of April. Approximately 70% of the tobacco was planted until the 20th of April and May throughout the province. After 20 May, general and local excessive precipitation continued until 20 June. The tobaccos that could not be planted were tried to be planted in the fields that occasionally came to the pan. This year, late planting is 25%. In the fields holding water, plantings were also made on hard soil, as the arrival of the soil to the pan was delayed.
Tobacco seedbeds were prepared in February and March and the seeds were planted. Weather conditions in March and April had a positive effect on the growth and development of seedlings, but cold damage occurred in the seedbeds in the extreme colds on April 23-24. The need for seedlings has emerged at some production points. Pesticides have been made for blueberry and blueberry in the seedbeds. Collapsing and bluefish diseases were observed in the seedbeds that could not be ventilated due to the dense seed sown and long length of the seedbed.
In the Denizli region, tobacco cultivation is carried out at a rate of 30-35% in rented fields. The rental fee varies between 75-150 TL / decare depending on the condition of the field. Tobacco planting was done by machine, and the planting fee was between 100-125 TL per decare. In tobacco planting, life watering was done by tanker, flood irrigation or sprinkler methods. In order to combat thrips, imidacloprit 350 g / l active ingredient chemicals were also given by life water application. Hoeing works were done by hand, tractor or hoeing machines. Hoeing workmanship fees were 40 TL.
The positive effect of precipitation was observed in the production of tobacco planted early and on time, and the leaves became large. The average number of leaves can be accepted as 28-30 for tobacco planted early and on time, and 25 for late planted tobacco. During the rainy season, when tobacco has 8-10 leaves, it grows from blueberry to 1st, 2nd. and partly 3. Main hands are affected. Thrips density was high in tobacco planted until the 20th of May due to the high temperatures. Local hail rains in May, June and July negatively affected the yield and quality of tobacco. In Buldan and Güney Districts, the spotted wilt virus disease spread by thrips is more common than other production points. In the period with 12-15 leaves, there were sleepings from the root throat. Due to root rot, tobacco leaves that were knocked down from the root neck and continued to grow overturned were crushed. Monster grass threatens other productions besides tobacco in our region. Due to the lack of chemical struggle and the difficulties of mechanical struggle, it will be a factor that will threaten production in the coming years. Powdery mildew was observed in July-August, and no adverse effect was observed due to the timely spraying, as generally a spraying was sufficient.
Although more controlled and quality-oriented fertilization in tobacco fertilization is better than the previous years, there is still more fertilization. 15-15-15 fertilizer is widely used.
Some tobacco companies make organic tobacco production by applying special fertilization and spraying methods in the Denizli region. For this type of production, companies enter into a 5-year contract with producers and apply a special price tariff (16.5-17 TL / kg) to produced tobacco.
At the end of June, drying greenhouses began to be established in addition to the bottom stripping and crushing and crushing. In times of increased work intensity, wage wages increased up to 70 TL. Generally, it was tried to be done with a daily wage of 50 TL. The journalist can shred 10 to 12 lances of tobacco at most. Besides, breaking per needle is becoming widespread. A spear consists of 7 needles. A needle tobacco was crushed at a price of 0.8-1 TL.
Tobacco yields in 2015 are higher than last year. In rural and rural areas, the yield per decare varies between 70 and 130 kg. The province-wide tobacco yield is estimated to be 90 kg / decare. Boxing works of tobacco produced in 2015 were completed, and the appraisal process was carried out by the tobacco experts of the companies in November-December period.
Tobacco companies make tobacco pricing over 7 types. There may be changes in the type of prices according to the companies. With the kind-price scale where the 1st grade is 14,0-14,05 TL and the 7th grade is 4,0-6,0 TL, the purchasing works will start at the end of December and the purchasing activities will be realized between 9-14 TL / Kg. It is estimated to be completed at the end. It is expected that an average price of 13 TL / Kg will be realized. The companies made advances to producers during the year. They provided all kinds of technical support to their contracted producers.
Leaf tobaccos of Izmir Origin produced in our city are shipped to tobacco companies' warehouses and tobacco processing facilities in Izmir. Tobaccos, whose hand and types are mixed together, are standardized in tobacco processing facilities in the way and quality requested by cigarette companies. During this process, it is ensured that tobacco undergo fermentation with moisture and temperature applications. Fermented tobaccos become to be used in the cigarette industry after resting for a certain period of time.
İzmir origin tobacco is in the oriental type tobacco class. These tobaccos are in the tobacco group with high aromatic and quality properties. Nicotine content is accepted as 0.5-1%. The sugar content is at the level of 15-18% and gives a sweet taste. Low nicotine content, suitable sugar ratio and high level of aromatic substances give cigarette blends the desired balance of taste and aroma. It improves cigarette blends, has good sauce (additives) absorbency and is an indispensable element of sauce cigarette blends. These tobaccos can be added to the blends at a rate of 10-15%. In this context, it has the opportunity to export 55-60 thousand tons of tobacco. In Denizli, tobaccos produced in 2014 were purchased from the producer for approximately $ 5.30 / kg. Although the export price of the tobacco in the region in 2015 varied between 12.6-1.3 $ / kg depending on their type, it could be accepted as an average of 7.6 $ / kg. Oriental-type tobacco is produced by Balkan countries such as Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Montenegro, Kosovo, Macedonia and Greece. The world needs oriental tobacco cigarette companies, they provide from Turkey and Balkan countries. Our country generates $ 400-450 million dollars of income from tobacco exports.
The fact that Philip Morris Company will renew its previous agreement with Greece to meet its oriental tobacco needs for 2016 will increase our competitors in the oriental tobacco market. The increase in $ - £ prices may be in favor of producers in future prices.
Our annual cigarette consumption is an average of 100 thousand tons, excluding customs evasion and pirated products. We are the 5th largest smoker in the world, with cigarette consumption of 15–16 billion dollars.
Tobacco companies cannot give up the Denizli region. Tobacco produced in 12 districts, especially Tavas, Kale, Güney, Buldan, and Bekilli, are in demand. Çalıköy, Sofular, Ebecik, Nikfer, Karaköy, Alaattin are the main production points. The approximate cost of tobacco production in Denizli Region in 2015 is shown in the table on the right.
10.78 TL * 90 KG = 970.2 TL cost
13,00 TL * 90 KG = 1.170 TL / da income
1.170,00 TL-970.2 TL = 199.8 TL / da earnings are obtained.
Tobacco, which will contribute 240.5 Million TL to Denizli's economy with its estimated production amount and price to be realized, ranks 3rd after grape and wheat according to the gross production values of the province. Tobacco production in Denizli is decreasing every year. On the basis of producers, it decreased to 15 thousand in 2013, 12 thousand in 2014 and 11 thousand in 2015. It is difficult to find new producers in labor-intensive tobacco production. In a field study conducted in our city, it was determined that 68% of tobacco producers are over 50 years old. Tobacco production will decrease further in the coming years due to migration, retirement or producers turning to the production of herbs and medicinal plants such as thyme and sage. 11.12.2015