2019 Denizli Tobacco Production Report
Tobacco produced in Turkey and 4733 dated 01.03.2002 of tobacco law is made based on a contract written under Article 6.
Many parts of our country have favorable ecological conditions in terms of tobacco production. Different origins are produced in the Aegean, Black Sea, East-Southeast, Mediterranean and Marmara Regions.
Denizli Province in tobacco production in Turkey and the Aegean Region ranks 2.
Contract Information: For the 2019 production year, 9,900 producers in Denizli signed contracts with companies to produce 18.7 thousand tons of tobacco, and planted tobacco on an area of 214 thousand decares. There are 6 companies that make tobacco production contracts in our province. Some of the articles in tobacco contracts are listed below.
Contracts are signed before planting and by the end of April at the latest.
Buyers give advance payments to producers. Provided that it is agreed, the buyer may give inputs to be used in production activities such as seed, seedling, medicine, machine, vehicle in return for the price on the day it is supplied to the producer or free of charge in the special provisions section of the contract.
No nylon ropes will be used in production.
Medicines licensed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in tobacco will be used in seedbeds, fields and warehouses. Buyers can sample 4 times. If there is residue 2 times, the contract is canceled.
The producer can object to the tobacco price. An objection must be made within 3 days after the price has been determined on the receipt. Objections cannot be associated with the contract to be signed for the next year.
Purchases are completed at the end of March following production.
10% decrease-increase, full crop tobaccos are taken in balanced-boxed form. If the parts exceeding 10% are in full crop integrity, they can be taken under contract terms.
The cost of tobacco is paid within 10 working days from the date of delivery.
The contract fee is paid by the buyer.
Courts and enforcement offices are authorized in the place of tobacco production in disputes.
Production: Tobacco is produced in 12 districts, namely Acıpayam, Bekilli, Beyağaç, Buldan, Çameli, Çivril, Güney, Kale, Tavas, Bozkurt, Pamukkale and Serinhisar. Enaz production is in Bozkurt, Pamukkale and Serinhisar Districts. In recent years, producers in Buldan and Güney Districts have preferred to plant thyme in tobacco fields, and the number of producers in Güney District decreased from 950 in 2017 to 740 in 2019. Approximately 80% of Denizli tobacco production is made in Tavas, Kale, Acıpayam and Beyağaç Districts.
In our province, tobacco production starts in February and March with the preparation of the seedbed, seedlings are grown 45-60 days after tobacco seeds are planted in the seedbed, and tobacco planting takes place in April-May. 45-50 days after planting, the shredding starts, the tobaccos that have been crushed are dried in tobacco drying greenhouses and thus the production season is completed. The field cycle of tobacco continues for 3.5-4.5 months.
This year, plantings started in April and continued until mid-June. The spring months were dry and the growth was slow in April-May. June rainfall, which was in the growth period of tobacco, had a positive effect on its growth and development, and 2019 was a productive year in terms of tobacco production. Crimea and drying works started as of July and was completed at the end of September. Although it is rare, there are people who slaughtered in October. Virus disease (TSWV), which was seen in large areas in the last year, has been seen in less areas with an effective fight in tobacco nurseries. There were no major diseases and pests that could affect the quality and yield. Tobacco is produced on an area of 22 decares per household in Denizli. Although tobacco yields per decare in 2019 vary between 80-130 kg, an average yield of 90 kg / decare can be accepted.
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Drying in Sieve-Mesh: Cutting and sorting in tobacco is a period that requires much labor. In recent years, wages of wages and rising input prices have pushed producers away from tobacco. In order to reduce costs, drying models in net and sieve were tried and widespread instead of arranging tobacco. In the Denizli region, 70% of tobacco is dried in a sieve. With this method, the crushing work is at least 2 times cheaper than stringing and drying the cargo. In a normal production plot, it is assumed that a slaughterer chopped and lined the tobacco for 10 kg of dry tobacco. In the sieve method, it is possible to crush at least 20 kg of dry tobacco. Drying with the net method also provides a profit from the workmanship similar to the sieve drying method. However, some tobacco companies do not prefer this method as there may be some undesirable situations in terms of color in net drying. Tobacco planting is done by machine and 5-7 decares of tobacco is planted in a day. It is easier, faster and cheaper to break these tobaccos, which come to the Crimean maturity at the same time, with the method of drying in a sieve or net. Sieves of 90 * 180 cm are widely used in Denizli, and drying sieves of these sizes are manufactured for 20 TL.
Market: Contracts are made over 7 types. There may be type-price differences of companies. According to this, the prices of the tobacco will be determined by evaluating the price range of the 1st version: 25.00-24.75 TL and the 7th version: 5.50-9.50 TL. In 2018, 297 million TL was paid to 10 thousand producers. According to the gross production value, tobacco ranks 3rd.
The approximate production cost of 2019 tobacco is shown in the table below.
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It is expected that the determination and evaluation procedures of the tobacco for the 2019 production year will begin in December, and the delivery and payment procedures will begin in January-February. During the production season, producers received advances from companies. It is estimated that approximately 19 thousand tons of tobacco will be produced, an average price of 22.5 TL / KG will be realized and a contribution of 427 million TL to Denizli's economy will be realized.
Export: Izmir origin leaf tobaccos produced in our province are shipped to tobacco companies' warehouses and tobacco processing facilities in Izmir. Tobacco, which is boxed with mixed hand and types, is standardized in tobacco processing facilities in the way and quality requested by cigarette companies. During this process, it is ensured that tobacco is fermented with moisture and temperature applications. Fermented tobaccos become to be used in the cigarette industry after resting for a certain period of time.
İzmir origin tobacco is in the oriental type (oriental) tobacco class. These tobaccos are in the tobacco group with high aromatic and quality properties. Nicotine content is accepted as 0.5-1%. The sugar content is at the level of 15-18% and gives a sweet taste. Low nicotine content, suitable sugar ratio and high level of aromatic substances give the desired balance of taste and aroma in cigarette blends. It improves cigarette blends, has good sauce (additives) absorbency and is an indispensable element of sauce cigarette blends. They cannot be drunk alone. These tobaccos are added to the blends at a rate of 10-15%. Approximately 12-13% of the tobacco produced in the Aegean Region is used in the cigarette industry in our country. The remaining part is exported. The export center of tobacco is İzmir Province. In 2017, an income of 278.1 million USD was obtained in return for 35.9 thousand tons of exports. Aegean region tobaccos have an 80% share in the general tobacco export.
Sector Problems: 70% of the tobacco producers in our city are over the age of 50. It is thought that tobacco production will tend to decrease in the coming years due to migration, retirement, farmers turning to tobacco alternative products and high costs. Tobacco companies have difficulty finding young and new producers to contract. Since the quality-price balance cannot be achieved on the buyers side, the producers focus on efficiency and apply excessive fertilization. Excessive fertilization may limit export opportunities in the long term, as it spoils the chemical values of tobacco.
Producers or their representatives should also be involved in determining tobacco prices. The 10% product surplus in contracts is taken by the buyers, but the statement “available for over 10% surpluses” may put manufacturers in a difficult position. 01.12.2019