2020 Denizli Tobacco Production Report
Denizli has a suitable soil and climate for tobacco production. Tobacco is produced in 12 districts , namely Acıpayam , Bekilli, Beyağaç , Buldan, Çameli, Çivril, Güney, Kale , Tavas , Bozkurt, Pamukkale and Serinhisar. Enaz production is in Bozkurt, Pamukkale and Serinhisar Districts. Approximately 80% of Denizli tobacco production is made in Tavas, Kale, Acıpayam and Beyağaç Districts. As an alternative to tobacco production in previous years, medicinal plants such as thyme and sage and sunflower for snack have entered tobacco production areas, and there has been a decrease in the number of tobacco producers and production areas every year. Nevertheless, Turkey Statistical Institute (TSI) Denizli is a leader in tobacco production by plant production data in 2019. The 68 224 tonnes 17 112 tonnes of tobacco produced in Turkey are manufactured in Denizli. Denizli was the province with the highest tobacco production, followed by Manisa with 15.998 tons and Adıyaman with 8.798 tons.
Contract Information: For the 2020 production year, a contract was signed with 8,745 producer companies in Denizli, and tobacco was planted on an area of 185 thousand decares. Our producers signed contracts with 10 tobacco companies in 2020, including TTL, Socotab, Alliance One, Sunel, Prestij, Özege, Astab, Oriental Link, Zeus, Çelikhan Tobacco Companies. In 2019, 9,900 producers produced tobacco on an area of 210 thousand decares in Denizli. The decreases in the number of producers and in the area produced are dramatic. It is difficult to return a farmer who quits tobacco production back to production. Some of the articles in tobacco contracts are listed below.
Contracts are signed before planting and by the end of April at the latest.
Provided that it is agreed, they may grant inputs or advances to producers to be used in production activities such as seeds, seedlings, medicines, machinery, vehicles in return for the price on the day they are provided to the producer by the buyer or free of charge in the special provisions section of the contract.
No nylon ropes will be used in production.
Medicines licensed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in tobacco will be used in seedbeds, fields and warehouses. Buyers can sample 4 times. If there is residue 2 times, the contract is canceled.
The producer can object to the tobacco price. An objection must be made within 3 days after the price has been determined on the receipt. Objections cannot be associated with the contract to be signed for the next year.
Purchases are completed at the end of March following production.
10% decrease-increase, full crop tobaccos are taken in balanced-boxed form. If the parts exceeding 10% are in full crop integrity, they can be taken under contract terms.
The cost of tobacco is paid within 10 working days from the date of delivery.
The contract fee is paid by the buyer.
Courts and enforcement offices are authorized in the place of tobacco production in disputes.
Production: In our province, tobacco production starts in February and March with the preparation of the seedbed, the tobacco seeds reach the planting size approximately 60 days after they are planted in the seedbed, and tobacco planting takes place in April-May. 45-50 days after planting, the shredding starts, the tobaccos that have been crushed are dried in tobacco drying greenhouses and thus the production season is completed. The field cycle of tobacco continues for 3.5-4.5 months.
In 2020, tobacco planting started on April 1 and was completed on June 15. Tobacco planting is done by machine and 5-7 decares of tobacco can be planted in a day. The shredding and drying works of the ripe leaves of tobacco planted until the 20th of May were completed at the end of August, and the shredding and drying of the remaining tobacco at the end of September. The dryness of the spring months and the insufficient rainfall during the growing period have reduced the yields. It is estimated that 14,250 tons of tobacco was produced in 2020 and the average yield per decare is 77 kg. The quality is higher than the previous years. Quality losses are evident in producer tobacco with excessive fertilization. Tobacco producers in Denizli produce tobacco on an average of 22 decares. The fight against Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Disease (TSWV), which has threatened tobacco production areas for a long time, has started in the seedbed period and mostly success has been achieved. In the field circuit, the presence of a small number of drugs in the fight against thrips that transmit and spread the disease has created troublesome situations in the fight. Productivity and quality losses were experienced especially in the producers who were late in the fight. In this context, active substances of the neonicotinoid group (imidacloprid etc.) are banned in tobacco in 2019. The mechanisms of action of the remaining Plant Protection Products (BPU), the resistance of pests to develop, the fact that some importing countries do not want active substances such as methomyl, high-priced drugs may adversely affect tobacco production during the years when diseases and pests make epidemics, and there may be decreases in terms of yield and quality.
Tobacco production requires labor-intensive work, most of all during the slaughtering and sorting period. In recent years, drying models in the net and sieve have been tried and become widespread instead of arranging tobacco in order to reduce production costs. Approximately 70% of tobacco is dried in a sieve in our region. With this method, crimping labor is cheaper compared to stringing and drying of cargo. Sieves of 90 * 180 cm are widely used.
Market: Tobacco production in our province is carried out on the basis of a written contract. 10 tobacco companies signed contracts in 2020. Tobacco companies make advance payments to their producers and monitor their production during the production period. In the contracts made over 7 types, the price of the 1st type is 27-28 TL and the price of the 7th type is 8-10 TL.
Our producers are expected to complete the quality and yield determination of tobacco companies in December after the tobacco classification and canning process in October and November, and the season will end with purchasing and payment transactions in January-February.
Izmir origin leaf tobaccos produced in our city are in the oriental type (oriental) tobacco class. These tobaccos are in the tobacco group with high aromatic and quality properties. Some of the tobacco (12-13%) produced in the Aegean Region is used in the cigarette industry in our country. The remaining part is exported.
According to the gross production values of our city, tobacco ranks 3rd. It is estimated that the provincial economy will provide 365 million TL income in 2020.
Export: Leaf tobacco of Izmir origin produced in our province is shipped to the tobacco companies' warehouses and tobacco processing facilities in Izmir. Tobacco, which is boxed with mixed hand and types, is standardized in tobacco processing facilities in the way and quality requested by cigarette companies. During this process, it is ensured that tobacco is fermented with moisture and temperature applications. Fermented tobaccos become to be used in the cigarette industry after resting for a certain period of time.
İzmir origin tobacco is in the oriental type (oriental) tobacco class. These tobaccos are in the tobacco group with high aromatic and quality properties. Nicotine content is accepted as 0.5-1%. The sugar content is at the level of 15-18% and gives a sweet taste. Low nicotine content, suitable sugar ratio and high level of aromatic substances give the desired balance of taste and aroma in cigarette blends. It improves cigarette blends, has good sauce (additives) absorbency and is an indispensable element of sauce cigarette blends. They cannot be drunk alone. The export center of Aegean tobacco is İzmir Province. In 2019, an income of 253 million USD was obtained in return for 46.5 thousand tons of exports. Aegean region tobaccos have an 80% share in the general tobacco export.
Sectoral:
- 70% of the tobacco producers in our city are over the age of 50. Tobacco production decreases every year due to migration, retirement, farmers turning to tobacco alternative products and high costs. Tobacco companies have difficulty finding young and new producers to contract.
- Since the quality-price balance cannot be achieved on the part of the buyers, the producers focus on efficiency and apply excessive fertilization. Excessive fertilization may limit export opportunities in the long term, as it ruins the chemical values of tobacco.
- Tobacco prices should not be determined unilaterally. Producers or their representatives should also be involved in determining tobacco prices.
- The 10% product excess in the contracts is taken by the buyers, but the statement "available" for over 10% surplus may put manufacturers in a difficult situation.
- With the bag law in 2020, the rate of domestic tobacco use in cigarette manufacturing is expected to increase to 17 percent in 2022, to 21 percent in 2023, to 25 percent in 2024 and finally to 30 percent . In addition, the President is authorized to increase this rate to 45 percent and reduce it to 15 percent. Cigarette producers who do not comply with these rates are fined 8 to 12 lira per kilo according to the amount of domestic tobacco they do not use.
With this law, domestic tobacco production will increase. However, this increase will not include Aegean Region tobaccos that can participate in cigarette blends to a certain extent. Production areas for Virginia and burley tobaccos will expand. Since the establishment of cluster furnace groups in the production areas of Virginia tobacco will create high costs, it is expected that these tobaccos will be dried in a tobacco drying greenhouse instead of a furnace, and tobacco with low production costs will be obtained with a low production cost, which approximates the chemical values of tobacco dried in the oven. In fact, the cigarette sector also consists of low-cost virginia tobaccos , dried in the open or in the tobacco drying greenhouse of African and South American countries. Virginia and burley tobaccos are produced in some provinces, albeit in small quantities. In a few years, it is expected that virginia and burley tobaccos will be produced / increased in provinces such as Kırklareli, Balıkesir, Düzce, Sakarya, Diyarbakır, Batman. 04.12.2020